Downtempo is a collection of primarily Electronic music with an average tempo lower than usual (below 110 BPM). Because of such a low tempo, the music is generally not meant for dancing and seldom live performed. Downtempo is music to listen to in a natural environment. Downtempo music is often featured in film soundtracks, on albums for home listening, in public places, or at the university. Early Downtempo evolved out of academic experiments with the first electronic musical instruments. This can even be traced back to the 20s, when the very first electronic sound was produced, thanks to Léon Theremin and his homonymous instrument. To these researchers, Downtempo music was not particularly slow. Only many decades later, after the arrival of much faster Electronic Dance genres was the term "Downtempo" applied to this music. Sometimes Downtempo music is simply referred to as "Electronic" as opposed to (Electronic) Dance (Music).
Downtempo music puts greater emphasis on sounds and sound experimentation than most supergenres. The whole history of Downtempo music has been about exploring and discovering new techniques and sounds, and gently expanding on its discoveries. Downtempo music does not choose between acoustic or electronic, it includes whatever it can to produce the perfect sound.
The most important aspect of Downtempo, however, is a radically different approach on music in general. Instead of working with (serial) song structure, most songs are non-serial – they evolve slowly and gradually by repetition instead of structured patterns. Within this seamlessly endless repetition, the mind is being taken on a transcendental journey. With no pattern, no point of orientation, there is no more song, only music. Downtempo asks questions about what music is, instead of being an answer like other genres. The unique classical works of Claude Débussy have been an important influence on much of Downtempo music, but unconventional World musicians experimenting with structure and sound left their mark as well.
"Ambient", from the Latin "ambire" or "to surround", is a surrounding music genre emerging in the 70s that was so influential to other (electronic) music that it became a pars pro toto for the whole group of Downtempo genres. Because once again, Ambient raises an important question – should music be noticeable and autonomous or a barely indistinguishable and integrated part of everyday life?
Downtempo music has a complex and unique genealogy. The overall genre structure is very linear due to a slow and extensive evolution, but there are no less than five music groups discernable. Groups with significant autonomy, but also a high degree of overlapping due to Downtempo's experimental nature:
1. The Electronic Avant-Garde – responsible for laying the foundations of all Electronic music and thus almost half of all popular music genres. This includes Musique Concrète, Minimalism and their later subgenres – Sound Collage, Glitch and Lowercase.
2. The large family of Easy Listening, including Lounge – sometimes considered a supergenre on its own. Easy Listening is a term reserved for gentle background music with a variety of origins, mostly exotic or jazzy.
3. Progressive Electronic – the interesting crossroads between Progressive Rock and Electronic music at a time where genre was meaningless and eventually leading to Ambient, the principal Downtempo genre.
4. Ambient Dance – the combination of Ambient with any other EDM genre such as – Ambient Techno, Ambient Breakbeat, Ambient House and so on. Sometimes referred to as Chillout or Downbeat, although the former is confusingly also used for Loungetronica.
5. Synth – the collection of music that is entirely or dominantly synthesiser based, with pronounced synth melodies and basslines, but also with a high degree of rhythm and percussion compared to Electronic Avant-Garde or Progressive Electronic.